Farmers’ futures: an application of the Delphi method in the context of Finnish agriculture

European Journal of Futures Research

Table 1 Diverse ways of using the Delphi method

Approaches	Weight on
1. Quantitative large panel survey *vs.* qualitative participatory process	Quantitative, survey-based Delphi [13]	Qualitative participatory Delphi process [14]
2. Laypeople vs. expert opinion	Laypeople [15, 16]	Experts [9, 17]
3. Consensus vs. dissensus	Building consensus (von [18, 19]	Dissensus as a source of alternative scenarios [11, 20]
4. Anonymity vs. known participants	Anonymity [7]	Known expertise and experts [21, 22]
5. Roundless vs. several rounds	Roundless, almost real-time Delphi method [23, 24]	Several rounds of the Delphi process [11]
6. Forecasting vs. foresight (alternative scenario construction)	Forecast (Experimental forecasting Delphi) [25]	Foresight (scenario construction of energy futures on farms) [26]
7. The accuracy in forecasting vs. surprising and extreme future views	Forecasting accuracy [27]	Surprising and extreme futures [28]