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Table 5 Examples of AfE in Project 2 workshop and Project 3 FLL

From: Futures literacy in collaborative foresight networks: advancing sustainable shipbuilding

Workshop in Project 2

FLL in Project 3

Appreciation of novelty and sensemaking AfE: Identified wild cards, such as terrorism, pandemic, and war

Effects of economic crises on tourism

Sensemaking: Strategic sustainability communication at the top management level and communicating the strategic meaning of sustainability to the public and stakeholders will promote the enhancement of sustainability

Aligning quality standards and sustainability indicators will reinforce the sustainability discourse at the firm-network level

Coordination of interorganizational collaboration at the network level is needed for the enhancement of sustainability

Process innovations are needed, such as local stakeholders having a shared understanding of the enhancement of sustainability

The point of the local network is the culture of working together, which cannot be duplicated

Collaboration on issues that are problematic for every actor in the industry

Appreciation of novelty and sensemaking AfE: Change of perspective and individual mindsets. A vision created in the FLL is far removed from current cruise ship practices

Sensemaking: Allowing one to question and challenge assumptions leads to a change in an individual way of thinking

Identification of unasked questions and the very bottom-line subject topic help to bring in something new

Decision-making or sensemaking mindsets reveal events, signals, or evidence that fosters the shaping of the industry’s future

Finding opportunities to create a type of momentum or political will to enhance sustainability

Finding efficient and smart ways to give incentives to companies for breaking silos and inspire policymaking

To create links for recognizing potential opportunities