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Table 2 The primary list of 52 variables

From: Using corporate foresight to enhance strategic management practices

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Variables

Categories

Labels

Variables

Categories

\({V}_{1}\)

The possibility of resuming JCPOA negotiations

Political

\({V}_{27}\)

Changing customer preferences

Social

\({V}_{2}\)

Failure to form an agreement with the USA and European countries

Political

\({V}_{28}\)

Lack of specialized manpower

Social

\({V}_{3}\)

The risk of war

Political

\({V}_{29}\)

The rise of health-conscious packaging

Social

\({V}_{4}\)

America-China interactions and tensions

Political

\({V}_{30}\)

The demand for specific packaging to increase the shelf-life

Technological

\({V}_{5}\)

The emergence of multinational companies in Iran

Political/ economic

\({V}_{31}\)

The rise of 3-D printing

Technological

\({V}_{6}\)

China’s growth and approach in the packaging industry

Economic

\({V}_{32}\)

Changes in the combination of primary and secondary packaging

Technological

\({V}_{7}\)

The rise of sustainable packaging

Environmental

\({V}_{33}\)

The increasing demand for optimal automated packaging

Technological

\({V}_{8}\)

Population and demand increase

Economic/social

\({V}_{34}\)

Inclusion of robots in packaging

Technological

\({V}_{9}\)

The rise of small-scale aquaculture system for households

Economic/technological

\({V}_{35}\)

Digital currency

Technological

\({V}_{10}\)

Tourist flows to Iran

Political/economic

\({V}_{36}\)

Production of packaging machines with non-ferrous alloys

Technological

\({V}_{11}\)

“Price competitiveness” of tourism industry in Iran

Economic

\({V}_{37}\)

Co-creation in design and packaging

Technological

\({V}_{12}\)

Iraqi labor migration to Iran

Social/political

\({V}_{38}\)

The introduction of hybrid packages

Technological

\({V}_{13}\)

Connecting the roads of Iran to Syria and Lebanon

Political/economic

\({V}_{39}\)

Global regulations related to sustainable packaging

Legal

\({V}_{14}\)

The New Silk Road

Economic/political

\({V}_{40}\)

Mandatory circular economy

Legal

\({V}_{15}\)

The rate of economic growth

Economic

\({V}_{41}\)

The high levels of energy consumption in Iran compared to the global average

Social

\({V}_{16}\)

The unemployment rate

Economic

\({V}_{42}\)

Changes in tax laws in Iran

Legal

\({V}_{17}\)

The inflation trends

Economic

\({V}_{43}\)

Universal basic income and minimum wage laws

Legal

\({V}_{18}\)

The replacement of China as the leader of the packaging industry

Economic

\({V}_{44}\)

Changes in intellectual property law in Iran

Legal

\({V}_{19}\)

Raw materials oscillation

Economic/technological

\({V}_{45}\)

Facilitation of export laws

Legal

\({V}_{20}\)

Desire for lower cost packaging

Economic

\({V}_{46}\)

Global warming and Iran’s deteriorating environmental resilience

Environmental

\({V}_{21}\)

The global demand for packaging machines

Economic

\({V}_{47}\)

The rise of herbal packaging

Environmental

\({V}_{22}\)

Diversification and technological convergence

Economic/technological

\({V}_{48}\)

Carbon taxation

Legal

\({V}_{23}\)

The rise of green lifestyle

Social

\({V}_{49}\)

Recycling and upcycling of the secondary packaging

Environmental

\({V}_{24}\)

The rise of demand for environmentally friendly packaging

Environmental

\({V}_{50}\)

The water crisis in Iran

Environmental

\({V}_{25}\)

Aging population

Social

\({V}_{51}\)

Iran’s potential capacity to use solar energy

Environmental

\({V}_{26}\)

The worsening condition of poverty in Iran

Social

\({V}_{52}\)

Land subsidence in Iran

Environmental