Table 3 Assessment of the relevance of ARTs for achieving the goal and values of the GVN of logistics, ten examples

6, environment 3D scanning and positioning

Environment 3D scanning and positioning in relation to the model or absolute positioning are a necessary requirement for autonomous transport

20

16, real-time 3D modelling of environment

A self-driving vehicle absolutely requires a real-time situation picture of its environment and other moving vehicles and people. Detecting and identifying other moving vehicles, people and material are an advantage

20

23, memristors and neural processors

Increasingly small devices have the storage capacity for artificial intelligence that is required for autonomous control, leaving more room for freight. The transport of small packages by quadcopter benefits from this the most

10

39, 3D printing of buildings and constructs

Automation of street and road repairs by 3D-printing structures

1

41, ubiquitous environment and Internet of Things

The unique identity of goods enables crowdsourced freight transport, address changes during transport and right-based key management when goods change hands

10

49, production of nanomaterials

The affordability of sturdy, lightweight materials and efficient batteries is key for aircraft

3

67, LED farming, robotic farming

The needs of food logistics are going to completely transform when cultivation shifts from cyclical and agriculture-dominated cultivation to continuous urban and factory cultivation

5

70, rapid development of photovoltaics

Electric transport benefits from inexpensive solar energy. For example, it may have a material effect on small waterborne vessels and rail transport, at least in southern countries

5

81, power lasers, ray guns, railguns

Ray guns can efficiently disturb traffic

1

99, MyData and GDPR

The transfer of logistics history information (MyData/GDPR) from one operator to another can facilitate logistics

3