Table 2 Global value-producing networks with their most potential transformations
Global value-producing network (GVN) | GVN’s prime goal and moderating values | Dominant regime characteristics | Challenger regime characteristics |
|---|---|---|---|
1. Passenger transport | Transporting people from one place to another comfortably, safely, cost-effectively and by offering freedom of choice | Private cars operated by a driver, public transport | Autonomous transport as a service |
2. Logistics | The transfer of goods, equipment, animals, raw materials and waste from one place to another through convenient, accurate, cost-effective and common means | Transport operated by a driver, repetitive automated loading | Autonomous transport, smart loading robotics |
3. Manufacturing of goods | The availability and manufacturing of physical goods and equipment with available raw materials in a functional, easy, cost-effective and high-quality way | Industrial, centralised, repetitive manufacturing | Robotised, decentralised, discrete manufacturing |
4. Sustenance | Human sustenance, as well as pet sustenance, i.e. the intake of energy and the necessary nutrients and trace elements in a healthy, secure, economical and enjoyable way | Agriculture, food industry, distribution channels | Urban agriculture, discrete and local robotic food preparation |
5. Energy supply | Need-based, acceptable and reliable energy for buildings, transportation, machines and processes in a cost-efficient way | Centralised and fossil energy sources, peaking power plants | Renewable, decentralised energy sources and energy storage |
6. Materials | Cost-effective supply of raw materials and materials used in production of goods, chemical industry and construction with minimal negative impacts and sufficient quality | Mining-based products, energy-heavy process industry | The circular economy, renewable materials |
7. Built environment | Designing, constructing, maintaining and demolishing spaces and routes with demand-controlled location and conditions for the activities and mobility of people, animals, equipment and plants and providing technical equipment for them cost-efficiently and respecting regulations | Traditional construction and maintenance | Robotised construction and maintenance |
8. Exchange | Transfer of ownership and access rights reliably, locally and flexibly with the lowest possible search, agreement and delivery costs | Brands, physical retail locations, hierarchies, B2B2C | The reputation economy, e-commerce, P2P, C2B2C |
9. Remote impact | Easy and safe impact on things and events in places where the impacter itself is not physically present | Telephone, television, internet, social media | VR/AR, avatars and other remote control |
10. Automation of work | Acceptable and cost-effective replacement of human work with machines that are easy to use and reliable and that create high-quality results | Centralised automation and human-steered machines | Decentralised robotics based on AI and crowdsourcing |
11. Work and income | Securing own well-being and the well-being of loved ones by deeds that fit one’s own skills and are personally relevant | Salaried employment related to specialisation and exchange | Cooperation, self-sufficiency, micro-entrepreneurs |
12. Health care | A person living his/her life healthily while the body and mind remain functioning and staying well-being and beautiful as long as possible | Healthcare system, general health recommendations | Self-diagnostics, gamification, individual nutrition |
13. Redressing disabilities | Compensating functional deficiencies and optimising the functional ability of a person in everyday life with assistive devices and by facilitating the operating environment, taking into account the social costs and benefits | Institutional, outpatient and family care, cheap-assistive devices | Compensating functional deficiencies via robotics, AI, avatars, artificial organs, crowdsourcing |
14. Acquiring information | Acquiring information perceived as trustworthy and credible about people and things of personal interest | Certified research, reports, news | AI, crowdsourcing, personal instruments and applications |
15. Proficiency and its proof | Demand controlled proficiency and proficiency demonstrations — emphasising the recognisability of proficiency, sensemaking and procedural and methodological skills | Educational institutions and qualifications, on-the-job learning | Flipped learning and independent learning, AI, proficiency demonstrations |
16. Producing experiences | Emotional experiences, the joy of insight and shared experiences generated intentionally in different contexts | Focus on producers and consumers, mass entertainment, tourism | Games, shared VR, AR, interaction, AI |
18. Safety and security | Freedom from an external threat and the opportunity to promote one’s own goals within known and predictable rules that support caution and justice | Material safety in society, social security | Decentralised, individual and crowdsourced safety and security |
18. Collaboration and trust | Increasing collaboration on issues that produce synergistic benefits by supporting transparency, risk management and trust | Guaranteed by authorities, brands and hierarchies | Peer-to-peer trust through platforms and transparency |
19. Existential meaning | Experiencing own existence and functions as meaningful, typically through self-realisation, serving others or joining a greater story or mission | Work, position, social network | Achievements, likes, participation, communities |
20. Power structures | Productive and equal decision-making in collaboration, in public activities | Regional power structure, opaque power | Subject-matter subsidiarity, location independence |