Table 4 The key dimensions and solutions of the data-driven smart city for achieving sustainability

ICT infrastructure

• Availability and number of the city Wi-Fi access points

• Share of households with Internet access

• Coverage of citizens with the mobile batch communication

• Degree of penetration of the fiber-optic network

• Number of Wi-Fi hotspots in the private and corporate segments

• Connection speed of the fixed broadband in the private segments

• Network capacity

Data sources

Open data and electronic payments

• Data openness and presence of public authorities in the web

• Number of datasets available on the portals of open data

• Electronic and mobile payments

Citizens

• Degree of Internet penetration

• Degree of mobile penetration

• Proportion of smartphone owners

• Proportion of PC and laptop owners

• Broadband Internet subscription in the private sector

• Number of visitors of municipal services web-portal

The IoT-sensor devices

• Road traffic

• Public transport

• Cycling

• Parking

• Street lighting

• Electricity grids

• Buildings

• Waste removal and disposal

• Water

• Air and noise

• Density of CCTV cameras

Applications for sustainability

• Transport management

• Traffic management

• Street lighting management

• Mobility management

• Waste management

• Energy management

• Environmental control and monitoring

• Buildings management

• Public safety

• Healthcare

• Citizen participation

• Planning and design

Technical and institutional competences

• Horizontal information systems

• Operations centers and dashboards

• Research centers and innovation labs

• Educational centers and training programs

• Strategic planning and policy offices