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Table 4 Criteria of an ideal eco-city

From: Data-driven smart eco-cities and sustainable integrated districts: A best-evidence synthesis approach to an extensive literature review

• Operates on a self-contained local economy that obtains resources locally

• Maximizes energy and water efficiency, thereby promoting conservation of resources

• Manages an ecologically beneficial waste management system that promotes recycling and reuse to create a zero-waste system

• Promotes the use and production of renewable energy, thereby being entirely carbon–neutral

• Has a well-designed urban city layout that promotes walkability, biking, and the use of public transportation systems

• Ensures decent and affordable housing for all socio-economic and ethnic groups and improves jobs opportunities for disadvantaged groups

• Supports urban and local farming

• Supports future progress and expansion over time

  1. Sources: Roseland [18] and Harvey [79]