Table 2 The key strategies and solutions of the eco-city district for achieving the three goals of sustainability
Environmental sustainability | |
Sustainable energy systems | • 100% locally generated renewable energy—sun, wind, and water • Local production of electricity—solar energy • Passive, low-energy, and net-zero buildings/houses • Bio–fueled CHP system |
Sustainable waste management | • Convenient and smart waste collecting system • Vacuum waste chutes • Food waste disposers • Wastewater and sewage treatment system • Biological waste separation procedures • Biogas digesters • Behavioral change |
Sustainable materials | • High performance materials • Resource-efficient (recycled and reused) materials • Minimized building waste • Pollution prevention |
Sustainable transportation | • Cycling and walking • Public transport (metro, buses, tram, etc.) • Car pools (biogas and electric) • Private cars (biogas and electric) • Mobility management • Smart transport management • Smart traffic management • Behavioral change |
Green and blue infrastructure | • Greening • Rainwater harvesting • Ecological diversity • Biodiversity • Green factor supplemented with green points • Green parks • Green streets and alleys • Green roofs • Rain gardens • Bioswales • Permeable Pavements |
Economic sustainability | |
Multidimensional mixed uses | • Physical land use mix (vertical and horizontal, amenities, facilities, public spaces, etc.) • Economic mix (business activity, production, consumption, etc.) • Some aspects of social mix (housing, demography, lifestyles, visitors, etc. |
Economic growth and business development | • Green-tech innovation • Green-tech production and export • R&D activities • Entrepreneurial and innovation-based startups • Industrial and technological investment • Job creation and skill development • Government, industry, and academia collaboration • International cooperation |
Social sustainability | |
Equity | • Equal access to basic services • Reduction of socio-spatial segregation • Flexible design of housing in terms of tenures and forms • Affordable housing for all by means of efficient, careful processes |
Life quality | • Material living conditions • Employment • Meeting places for social interaction • Ready access to facilities and public spaces • Recreation and leisure time • Natural surveillance • Security and safety of individuals and their living environment • Physical and mental health • Quality education • Social belonging and cohesion • Housing design enabling residents to remain throughout all stages of life |
Citizen participation | • Citizen involvement and consultation as to decision-making • Citizenship plurality consolidation • Citizen empowerment for community engagement and co-creation |