Table 2 Different perceptions and attitudes towards the world
From: Post-normal times: re-thinking the futures of the EU-Africa relationship
Classic | Modern | Postmodern | Post-normal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Meaning | I think therefore I am | I progress therefore I am | I shop therefore I am | I share therefore I am |
Truth | Defined | Monolithic | Relative | Contradictory |
Identity | Tradition and culture | Science and technology | Consumption | Connectivity |
Systems | Simple, closed | Complicated, closed | Complex, open | Open, chaotic interconnected |
Key concepts | Conquest, progress supremacy, | Progress, efficiency, modernization | Relativism, plurality, individuality | Complexity, chaos, contradictions |