Fig. 4

Cost efficiency and CO₂ emission reduction of different emission reduction measures in the recommendation scenario. The cost efficiency of seven CO₂ emission reduction measures in terms of costs (€) per tonnes of reduced CO₂ is presented in the y-axis. Negative values denote that the measure will generate net benefits as there are larger monetary benefits than costs. The cumulative CO₂ reduction with each measure is presented in the x-axis. The figures are based on the measures implemented in 2015–2050 in the recommendation scenario