Table 2 Comparison of three backcasting methodologies
Robinson’s methodology | TNS methodology | STD methodology |
|---|---|---|
1. Determine objectives 2. Specify goals, constraints, and targets, and describe present system and specify exogenous variables 3. Describe present system and its material flows 4. Specify exogenous variables and inputs 5. Undertake scenario construction using the specified goals and constraints 6. Undertake scenario impact analysis | 1. Define a framework and criteria for sustainability 2. Describe the current situation in relation to that framework 3. Envisage a future sustainable situation 4. Find strategies for sustainability | 1. Strategic problem orientation 2. Develop sustainable future vision 3. Set out alternative solutions 4. Explore options and identify bottlenecks 5. Select among options and set up action plans 6. Set up co-operation agreements 7. Implement research agenda |