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Table 3 Findings and solutions in each analysis layer

From: The application of causal layered analysis to understand the present conditions and possible futures of media and politics in Iran

Layers

Results and solutions

Litany

Mainstream media vs. alternative media—solution is in increasing “freedom of speech”

Systematic causes

Semi-totalitarian regime vs. dissidents—solution is that it has to be repulsed by the civil society, completed by the market, and disarmed by ICT technology advancement

Discourses/worldview

Traditionalism vs. modernism—solution is in the historical empowerment of modern discourses to a compromise or supremacy

Myth/metaphor

Top-down education myth—solution is that the prophecy of education should be thwarted by a modernist responsibility to education vis-a-vis