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Table 1 Multiple governance levels with RTDI programmes and strategies in the European Research Area (source: [30])

From: Futuring European industry: assessing the ManuFuture road towards EU re-industrialization

Governance level

Examples for RTDI policies, programmes and related strategies

European level

Europe 2020 strategy and its flagship initiative “Innovation Union”

Horizon 2020—The EU Framework Programme for R&I

Cohesion Policy 2014–2020 with R&I Strategies for Smart Specialisation (RIS3)

Trans-regional/trans-national level of public-private partnerships

Strategic R&I Agendas / Roadmaps or Strategic Implementation Plans of

• European Technology Platforms (ETPs)

• Joint Technology Initiatives (JTIs)

• Contractual Public Private Partnerships (cPPPs) in research

• Knowledge & Innovation Communities (KICs) of the European Institute for Innovation and Technology (EIT)

• European Innovation Partnerships (EIPs)

National level, e.g. Germany

National High-Tech Strategy 2020

National Excellence Initiative

National Strategy for Internationalisation of Science and Research

National Strategy on the European Research Area (ERA)

Regional level, e.g. Baden-Württemberg

Innovation Strategy Baden-Württemberg

R&I Strategies for Smart Specialisation (RIS3) at regional level and for ‘functional areas’